不銹鋼瓦楞形板是不銹鋼寬(kuan)幅型(xing)鋼的一種，由于其形狀如同頂上用瓦片鋪(pu)成的行列隆起部分，故稱(cheng)為(wei)亞洲歐美色綜合一區二區在線:不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形板，如圖5-37所示。
人們過去(qu)常(chang)見的“瓦楞(leng)(leng)（形(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”大都是用普通低碳鋼，也就是非(fei)合金鋼材(cai)(cai)料制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的（見圖(tu)5-38),還有用非(fei)金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料如石棉(mian)、塑料、紙(zhi)板(ban)(ban)等制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的瓦楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)。這些瓦楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)主(zhu)要用于建筑(zhu)領域的屋頂(ding)材(cai)(cai)料、外墻材(cai)(cai)料和各種包裝箱(xiang)體的外形(xing)材(cai)(cai)料和產品包裝箱(xiang)、盒(he)等，之所以做成(cheng)(cheng)瓦楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)狀，主(zhu)要目的是增加結構(gou)剛度和穩定性。因此，其尺寸(cun)精(jing)度和表面質量要求及材(cai)(cai)質要求都不是很高。
此處(chu)介紹的(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”有(you)著(zhu)本質(zhi)的(de)(de)不(bu)同，首先材(cai)(cai)料是不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼，無疑(yi)要(yao)(yao)比(bi)(bi)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”具(ju)有(you)更高的(de)(de)強度(du)、良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和極好(hao)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)效果，另(ling)外在(zai)結構上也大不(bu)相(xiang)同。這些都賦予了不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”的(de)(de)各種功能(neng)(neng)與(yu)作用(yong)(yong)，而且具(ju)有(you)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”沒(mei)有(you)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，即不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)可以作為傳熱元(yuan)件(jian)使用(yong)(yong)。作為傳熱元(yuan)件(jian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)各方(fang)面的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求就(jiu)比(bi)(bi)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”高得多，特別是對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)(biao)觀的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)(biao)觀的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求主要(yao)(yao)體(ti)現在(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)外形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)和表(biao)(biao)面質(zhi)量的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求上。因此，采用(yong)(yong)何(he)種方(fang)式、何(he)種工(gong)藝加工(gong)生產不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)就(jiu)成為保證(zheng)其(qi)外形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)和質(zhi)量的(de)(de)關鍵。其(qi)他(ta)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)（機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和焊接(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)）主要(yao)(yao)取(qu)決于所選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料。
1. 不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形板外形尺(chi)寸
從(cong)圖(tu)5-37和(he)圖(tu)5-39可以看(kan)出不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板的外表(biao)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)規律、周期性變化的，而(er)且(qie)彎曲(qu)深度較小、形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)單(dan)一，不(bu)(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫(heng)向波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，而(er)且(qie)還有(you)(you)縱向波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)。所以說，其形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)既簡單(dan)又(you)復(fu)雜，簡單(dan)是(shi)(shi)指形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)單(dan)一，有(you)(you)規律；復(fu)雜是(shi)(shi)指不(bu)(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫(heng)向波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，而(er)且(qie)還有(you)(you)縱向波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)。這就(jiu)給不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板的成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)帶來不(bu)(bu)小的難度，在成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝上(shang)必須采取相(xiang)應的工(gong)藝措施和(he)手段(duan)，方(fang)能(neng)保證(zheng)獲得要求的外形(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)質量(liang)。
圖5-39是不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦楞形板(ban)的(de)實物照片，從圖片可以看出，不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦楞形板(ban)的(de)外(wai)表和形狀是非常美觀、漂亮的(de)，具有較高的(de)觀賞性(xing)，如同工藝(yi)品、裝飾(shi)品。
圖(tu)5-39不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板A-A截面(mian)尺寸，見圖(tu)5-40,B-B截面(mian)尺寸，見圖(tu)5-41。
不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞(leng)形板成品實物斷面圖片，見圖5-40(b)和圖5-41(b)。
從圖5-40和圖5-41可以看出，不銹鋼瓦楞(leng)形板的(de)斷(duan)面(mian)變化的(de)規律是周(zhou)期性的(de)，斷(duan)面(mian)形狀是關于縱向(xiang)中(zhong)心線(xian)為對稱的(de)型鋼，彎曲深度較淺，深度僅有(you)7mm。
不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板(ban)外形(xing)尺(chi)寸精度：截面最大邊長誤差≤0.3mm;圓角最大直徑：≤2.0mm;縱向、橫向彎曲度：每(mei)米≤1mm; 扭轉：每(mei)米≤1°。
2. 瓦楞形板(ban)橫向波紋的成(cheng)型
不(bu)銹鋼(gang)瓦楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)板輥式(shi)冷彎成型(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)，首先將不(bu)銹鋼(gang)冷軋平板預(yu)彎曲(qu)鐓壓成弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)波紋，如圖(tu)5-42所示(shi)的(de)第(di)一架(jia)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥孔形(xing)(xing)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。輥形(xing)(xing)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)，向下彎曲(qu)的(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)(wei)Φ=265mm,向上彎曲(qu)的(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)(wei)Φ=164mm,帶鋼(gang)進入并通過如此輥型(xing)(xing)(xing)是毫不(bu)困(kun)難的(de)，一個(ge)波長（周期(qi)）為(wei)(wei)83.40mm,弧(hu)深度(du)（垂直位(wei)移）為(wei)(wei)4.12mm,這個(ge)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)無論是在變(bian)形(xing)(xing)寬度(du)上，還是變(bian)形(xing)(xing)深度(du)上都是可行的(de)和符合要(yao)求的(de)。一個(ge)波長（周期(qi)）橫向位(wei)移（減(jian)(jian)寬量）為(wei)(wei)0.60mm,相對(dui)減(jian)(jian)寬率（橫向位(wei)移）為(wei)(wei)0.71%,見圖(tu)5-42,如此的(de)位(wei)移（減(jian)(jian)寬量）不(bu)會對(dui)鐓壓成型(xing)(xing)(xing)造成困(kun)難和產生成型(xing)(xing)(xing)缺陷，這些都為(wei)(wei)第(di)二架(jia)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥再鐓壓創造了條件。
第二架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)在(zai)第一(yi)架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基礎(chu)上(shang)，再次鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使其達(da)到如圖5-42所(suo)示的(de)(de)孔(kong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，弧(hu)(hu)度(du)直徑(jing)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ=133mm和p=82mm,一(yi)個(ge)波長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)81.70mm、弧(hu)(hu)深(shen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)8.18mm,這(zhe)(zhe)就是說寬度(du)和深(shen)度(du)更接近于成(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對減寬量（水平(ping)位(wei)移）僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.42mm,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對減寬率(lv)（水平(ping)方向）為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.7%,要(yao)比第一(yi)道(dao)次大了許多，這(zhe)(zhe)是符(fu)合開始小(xiao)一(yi)些、中(zhong)間大一(yi)些的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)規律要(yao)求的(de)(de)，見第三架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)在(zai)第二架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基礎(chu)上(shang)，再鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使其達(da)到如圖5-42所(suo)示的(de)(de)孔(kong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，這(zhe)(zhe)時將已經成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)梯形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)瓦楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)一(yi)個(ge)波長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)80mm,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對減寬量（水平(ping)位(wei)移）僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.28mm,一(yi)個(ge)波長(chang)（周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)）相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對減寬率(lv)（水平(ping)方向）為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.79%.通過鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)使弧(hu)(hu)深(shen)由(you)8.18mm減小(xiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7.00mm,這(zhe)(zhe)樣可使梯形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)更加精確到位(wei)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)最后(hou)(hou)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)到成(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)及尺寸奠定良好的(de)(de)基礎(chu)，此時，橫向鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)已全部完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將采用(yong)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)在(zai)已成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)橫向波紋(wen)上(shang)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)最終成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。
圖(tu)5-42是各架次成(cheng)型輥(gun)輥(gun)形尺(chi)寸圖(tu)。
第三(san)架成(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)(gun)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)形(xing)圖(tu)和(he)(he)孔形(xing)圖(tu)，見(jian)圖(tu)5-43.第三(san)架成(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)(gun)應(ying)是由多片(pian)(pian)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)片(pian)(pian)疊加(jia)組合(he)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)組合(he)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)，輥(gun)(gun)(gun)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平段(duan)和(he)(he)圓(yuan)弧段(duan)采(cai)取與(yu)板材接觸的(de)(de)(de)方式，而傾斜段(duan)則采(cai)取與(yu)板材不接觸的(de)(de)(de)方式，為的(de)(de)(de)是減少成(cheng)型表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)擦劃傷，此外(wai)，如(ru)此結構(gou)也將便于(yu)成(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)和(he)(he)隨后的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用與(yu)維護(hu)等。上、下輥(gun)(gun)(gun)斜角采(cai)取圓(yuan)弧過(guo)渡，一(yi)般情況下，圓(yuan)弧的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑應(ying)大于(yu)板厚，所(suo)以圖(tu)5-43所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)第三(san)架上、下輥(gun)(gun)(gun)斜角的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)弧過(guo)渡直(zhi)徑為2.0mm,見(jian)圖(tu)5-43局部放(fang)大圖(tu)。
3. 縱(zong)向波紋(wen)的(de)成型
縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)是(shi)在橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋成(cheng)型(xing)之后的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋上(shang)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)。所以在已成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋上(shang)再成(cheng)型(xing)縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋是(shi)有難度(du)的(de)(de)。其難度(du)主要(yao)表現為(wei)，可能破壞(huai)已成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋，而且(qie)縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋也成(cheng)型(xing)不(bu)好。選(xuan)用(yong)何種方(fang)式(shi)成(cheng)型(xing)就(jiu)成(cheng)為(wei)縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。
沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)一對成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥上，按工(gong)藝和(he)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)要求，在(zai)(zai)要面(mian)(mian)上間隙分布著凸起(qi)和(he)凹(ao)(ao)陷的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分，用于(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)制成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)，同時(shi)(shi)又(you)不能損壞已成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)梯形(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)紋(wen)，縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)圖及實物圖片，見(jian)圖5-40和(he)圖5-41。之所以(yi)(yi)將沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥置于(yu)(yu)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥后、平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)輥前(qian)，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定和(he)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量(liang)(liang)。可以(yi)(yi)想(xiang)象，在(zai)(zai)沒有橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)板(ban)帶(dai)材(cai)上沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凸起(qi)和(he)凹(ao)(ao)陷型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)由(you)度(du)大沒有約(yue)束力，沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會造(zao)成(cheng)坯料(liao)(liao)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)收(shou)縮，產(chan)生皺(zhou)折及其他缺陷，影(ying)(ying)響成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量(liang)(liang)和(he)成(cheng)品的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)。另外，瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼截(jie)面(mian)(mian)受材(cai)料(liao)(liao)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)殘余應力作(zuo)用，很容(rong)易產(chan)生扭轉(zhuan)，這也會影(ying)(ying)響成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥后、平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)輥前(qian)，再用沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)輥成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)，此時(shi)(shi)，已成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)使瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)增大，同時(shi)(shi)又(you)受到成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥和(he)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)輥的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)束，其自(zi)由(you)度(du)就減小。以(yi)(yi)上這些都可以(yi)(yi)有效地防(fang)止局(ju)部(bu)(bu)收(shou)縮和(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼的(de)(de)(de)扭轉(zhuan)，從(cong)而對保(bao)證(zheng)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及質量(liang)(liang)起(qi)到有效的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障作(zuo)用。瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)示意(yi)圖，見(jian)圖5-44。
沖壓成型輥也應做成組(zu)合式輥子，即由多輥片疊加組(zu)合而成。這種形式的(de)輥子便于加工(gong)和(he)維護，調(diao)整使用(yong)方便。
