隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展,在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不銹鋼管生產過程中,管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約,缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段,導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序,給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。
控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻工(gong)藝(yi)(控(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)冷(leng)(leng),TMCP)可(ke)綜合利用(yong)(yong)細晶強化(hua)(hua)、析出強化(hua)(hua)和(he)相變(bian)(bian)強化(hua)(hua)等(deng)強化(hua)(hua)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是有(you)效在線調控(kong)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼材組織(zhi)(zhi)、顯著(zhu)提升材料性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段。經三十(shi)余(yu)年(nian)快速發展(zhan),控(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)冷(leng)(leng)技術已(yi)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶(dai)鋼、型(xing)鋼、棒(bang)線材等(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)。然(ran)而,熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼管有(you)別于(yu)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶(dai)鋼等(deng)鋼材門類(lei),不銹(xiu)鋼管軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)和(he)成型(xing)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻工(gong)藝(yi)與常規控(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)冷(leng)(leng)工(gong)藝(yi)示(shi)意(yi)圖如圖6-63所示(shi)。熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼管高(gao)溫穿軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)條件(jian)使得控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)受(shou)到(dao)極大限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),環形(xing)斷面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀特(te)點使得控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發難度很大,嚴重(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)了基于(yu)控(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在線組織(zhi)(zhi)性能調控(kong)技術在該領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)和(he)發展(zhan),熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼管產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度、韌(ren)性和(he)焊(han)接性等(deng)綜合性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面提升面臨(lin)瓶頸(jing)。因此,實現熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成型(xing)和(he)成型(xing)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在線組織(zhi)(zhi)性能調控(kong),是熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼管領(ling)(ling)域(yu)長期以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點攻(gong)關方向(xiang)之一。
針(zhen)對熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)在(zai)線組(zu)織性能調控工業化(hua)技(ji)術,其(qi)相關機(ji)理及核心機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)來未取得(de)有(you)(you)(you)效突破。首(shou)先(xian),在(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),由(you)于(yu)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)熱(re)加工過程(cheng)中需(xu)要(yao)經歷復雜(za)的(de)成型工序(xu),為(wei)(wei)降低變(bian)形抗力以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工序(xu)的(de)穩(wen)順進(jin)行,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯的(de)加熱(re)溫度往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)較高,同時要(yao)在(zai)盡可能高的(de)溫度下(xia)連(lian)續完成穿孔及軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng),為(wei)(wei)此難以(yi)(yi)實現通(tong)過低溫軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工藝(yi)對奧氏(shi)體組(zu)織狀(zhuang)態(tai)進(jin)行調控。其(qi)次(ci),在(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)形狀(zhuang)簡單,但特(te)殊的(de)環形斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)特(te)征使得(de)其(qi)均(jun)(jun)勻化(hua)冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顯著區別于(yu)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)及其(qi)他類型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材。例如,沿不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)圓(yuan)周方(fang)(fang)向均(jun)(jun)勻對稱的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)水布置并不能使鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)達(da)到均(jun)(jun)勻化(hua)的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)效果,這其(qi)中必然存(cun)在(zai)異于(yu)傳統理念的(de)環形斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)下(xia)的(de)均(jun)(jun)勻化(hua)冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)均(jun)(jun)勻冷(leng)卻(que)機(ji)理及其(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)研究進(jin)展(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)限,導致控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)過程(cheng)中的(de)組(zu)織性能均(jun)(jun)勻性以(yi)(yi)及冷(leng)卻(que)不均(jun)(jun)造成的(de)彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)事故無法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)效解決,在(zai)較長(chang)時間制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約了控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)卻(que)技(ji)術在(zai)熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)領(ling)域的(de)發展(zhan)和應用(yong)。