在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨亞洲歐美色綜合一區二區在線:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)拋光(guang)(guang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為了(le)消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)擦(ca)傷、壓痕、蝕點(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)缺陷，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整度(du)(du)和(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)，為密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下基礎(chu)。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為了(le)消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)紋路，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)和(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)。拋光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)降(jiang)低密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)，一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)Ra在0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不管粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)始(shi)終貫穿提(ti)起、放下、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)、往復(fu)、輕敲(qiao)、換(huan)向等(deng)(deng)(deng)操作(zuo)相結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)。其目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避(bi)免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重復(fu)，使密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)，降(jiang)低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)始(shi)終貫穿著檢(jian)驗過(guo)程(cheng)，其目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)心中(zhong)有(you)數，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)達到(dao)技術要(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，清潔工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)很重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)做到(dao)“三(san)(san)不落(luo)地”，即(ji)(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件(jian)不落(luo)地、工(gong)具不落(luo)地、物料不落(luo)地；“三(san)(san)不見(jian)天”，即(ji)(ji)顯(xian)示(shi)劑用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋、稀釋劑（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)蓋；“三(san)(san)干(gan)凈(jing)”，即(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具用(yong)(yong)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗干(gan)凈(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)清洗干(gan)凈(jing)、更(geng)換(huan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具和(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗干(gan)凈(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應(ying)注意(yi)檢(jian)查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具不與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)任何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦(ca)，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具運動平穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)。經(jing)過(guo)滲(shen)氨、滲(shen)硼等(deng)(deng)(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)小心謹慎，因為滲(shen)透(tou)層的(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)增大(da)而明顯(xian)下降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)量(liang)應(ying)盡量(liang)小，最好進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拋光(guang)(guang)使用(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)使用(yong)(yong)，如達不到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求，就(jiu)將殘存的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉(diao)，重新滲(shen)透(tou)處(chu)理，恢(hui)復(fu)原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。用(yong)(yong)于深(shen)冷的(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)深(shen)冷定(ding)型處(chu)理后(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)經(jing)深(shen)冷就(jiu)會變形。深(shen)冷處(chu)理可在液(ye)氨中(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)般寬度(du)(du)為0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變寬，應(ying)注意(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可用(yong)(yong)車削(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法恢(hui)復(fu)寬度(du)(du)尺寸。

  研(yan)具使(shi)用(yong)后(hou)應(ying)進行一(yi)次檢查(cha)，對平整度不高(gao)的平面要修理好，并應(ying)清洗干凈，保持完整。要分門別類地把(ba)研(yan)磨工具擺放在工具箱內，以(yi)便(bian)以(yi)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)。

  研(yan)磨分平面密(mi)封面研(yan)磨、錐(zhui)形密(mi)封面研(yan)磨、圓弧密(mi)封面研(yan)磨、圓柱(zhu)體(ti)密(mi)封面研(yan)磨等幾種。

①. 閥體平面(mian)密封面(mian)的(de)研磨 

  閥(fa)體密封(feng)(feng)平面(mian)位于(yu)閥(fa)體內腔，研磨比較困難。通常使用帶(dai)方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)的圓盤(pan)狀(zhuang)研磨工具，放在(zai)內腔的密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)上，再用帶(dai)方(fang)(fang)頭的長柄手把來帶(dai)動研盤(pan)運(yun)動。研盤(pan)上有圓柱(zhu)凸臺或引導(dao)墊片，以防止在(zai)研磨過程(cheng)中研具局部(bu)離(li)開環狀(zhuang)密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)而造成研磨不勻的現象(xiang)。圖4-71為(wei)閘(zha)閥(fa)密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)的手工研磨。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨前應將研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用丙(bing)(bing)酮(tong)或(huo)汽(qi)油(you)擦凈(jing)，并去(qu)除閥(fa)(fa)體密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)(zai)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具放入閥(fa)(fa)體內腔時(shi)，要仔細(xi)地(di)貼合在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上，然后采(cai)用長柄(bing)手(shou)(shou)把使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)做正、反(fan)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)回轉(zhuan)運動。先順時(shi)針回轉(zhuan)180°,再(zai)(zai)逆時(shi)針回轉(zhuan)90°,如(ru)此(ci)(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進行。一(yi)般回轉(zhuan)10余次后研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑中的(de)(de)磨粒便已磨鈍，故應該經(jing)常抬起研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)來添新的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨的(de)(de)壓力要均勻，且不(bu)宜過大(da)。粗研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)壓力可(ke)大(da)些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)應較小。應注意不(bu)要因施加壓力使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具局(ju)部脫(tuo)開密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間后，要檢(jian)(jian)查工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)可(ke)取出(chu)(chu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具，用丙(bing)(bing)酮(tong)或(huo)汽(qi)油(you)將密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈(jing)，再(zai)(zai)將圓(yuan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)形的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)放在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上并用手(shou)(shou)輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)旋動，取出(chu)(chu)平板后就可(ke)觀察(cha)到密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)接觸(chu)痕跡。當環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上均勻地(di)顯示接觸(chu)痕跡，而徑向(xiang)最小接觸(chu)寬度與密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度之比（即密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板的(de)(de)吻合度）達到工(gong)藝上規定的(de)(de)數(shu)值時(shi)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度就可(ke)認為合格。為了保證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)的(de)(de)準確性，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板應經(jing)常檢(jian)(jian)查、修整。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平面密封面的研磨 

  閘板(ban)、閥(fa)(fa)瓣(ban)和(he)閥(fa)(fa)座的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)可使(shi)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)來(lai)手(shou)(shou)(shou)工研(yan)(yan)磨。研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)應平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)。研(yan)(yan)磨用(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)分(fen)刻(ke)槽(cao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)和(he)光(guang)滑平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)兩種，如圖(tu)4-72所(suo)示。研(yan)(yan)磨工作前，先用(yong)丙酮或汽油將研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)擦(ca)干(gan)凈，然后(hou)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)上均勻、適量地涂一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)磨劑，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)磨的(de)工件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)上即開始研(yan)(yan)磨。用(yong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)一(yi)邊旋轉一(yi)邊做直線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)，或做“8”字形運(yun)動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)磨運(yun)動(dong)方向的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷變更(geng)，使(shi)磨粒不(bu)(bu)斷地在(zai)新(xin)的(de)方向起磨削作用(yong)，故可提高研(yan)(yan)磨效率。圖(tu)4-73所(suo)示為閥(fa)(fa)體平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)工研(yan)(yan)磨。

  為了避免研磨平板(ban)(ban)的磨耗不均，不要(yao)總是在(zai)平板(ban)(ban)的中部(bu)(bu)(bu)研磨，應沿平板(ban)(ban)的全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)表面上不斷變換部(bu)(bu)(bu)位，否則研磨平板(ban)(ban)將很快失去平面精度。

  閘(zha)板(ban)及有些(xie)閥座呈楔(xie)狀，密封平(ping)面圓周上的質量不(bu)(bu)均(jun)，厚(hou)薄不(bu)(bu)一致，容易產生偏磨現(xian)象，厚(hou)的一頭容易多磨，薄的一頭會少磨。所以(yi)，在研(yan)磨楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密封面時，應(ying)附(fu)加一個平(ping)衡力，使楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密封面均(jun)勻(yun)磨削。圖(tu)4-74所示為楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密封面的整體(ti)研(yan)磨方法(fa)。