點焊工件只在有限的接觸面上即所謂“點”上被焊接起來,并形成扁球形的熔核。點焊又分為單點焊和多點焊,多點焊時使用兩對以上的電極,在同一工序內形成多個熔核。點焊方法通常又分為雙面點焊和單面點焊兩大類。雙面點焊時,通常采用搭接接頭和折邊接頭兩種形式(圖6-11).接頭可以由兩個或兩個以上等厚度或不等厚度的工件組成。在設計點焊結構時,必須考慮電極的可達性,即電極必須能方便地抵達構件的焊接部位。同時還應考慮邊距、搭接量、點距、裝配間隔和焊點強度等因素。


圖 11.jpg


  由于不銹鋼的電阻率高、導熱性差,因此與低碳鋼相比,可采用較小的焊接電流和較短的焊接時間。不銹鋼有較高的高溫強度,必須采用較高的電極壓力,以防止產生縮孔、裂紋等缺陷。不銹鋼的熱敏感性強,通常采用較短的焊接時間、強有力的內部和外部水冷卻,并且要準確地控制加熱時間和焊接電流,以防熱影響區晶粒長大和出現晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)現象。點焊不銹鋼的電極推薦用硬度較高的電極合金,滿足高電極壓力的需要。


  馬氏體不銹鋼由于有淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)傾向,點(dian)焊(han)時要求采用(yong)較長焊(han)接時間(jian)。為消除淬(cui)(cui)硬組織,最好采用(yong)焊(han)后(hou)回火(huo)的雙脈(mo)沖點(dian)焊(han)。點(dian)焊(han)時一般不采用(yong)電極的外(wai)部水冷卻,以免因淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)而產生(sheng)裂紋(wen)。


  單(dan)面(mian)(mian)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)極(ji)由工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)同一側向(xiang)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)處饋電(dian)(dian)。典型的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)面(mian)(mian)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)方式如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)6-12所示。圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong):(a)單(dan)面(mian)(mian)單(dan)點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han),不(bu)形成焊(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)采用(yong)大直(zhi)徑和大接(jie)(jie)觸面(mian)(mian)以減小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度。(b)無分(fen)(fen)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)面(mian)(mian)雙(shuang)(shuang)點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han),此時(shi)(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)全部流(liu)經焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)區。(c)有分(fen)(fen)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)面(mian)(mian)雙(shuang)(shuang)點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han),流(liu)經上面(mian)(mian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)經過焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)區,形成分(fen)(fen)流(liu)。為(wei)了(le)給(gei)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)提供低電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)路(lu)。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)下面(mian)(mian)墊(dian)(dian)有銅(tong)墊(dian)(dian)板(ban)。(d)當(dang)兩焊(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)距很大,如(ru)在(zai)進行骨架構件(jian)(jian)和復板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi),為(wei)了(le)避免不(bu)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱引起翹曲和減小兩電(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),采用(yong)了(le)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)橋A,與電(dian)(dian)極(ji)同時(shi)(shi)壓緊在(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上。


圖 12.jpg