激光焊是以聚焦的激光束作為能源轟擊被焊工件所產生的熱量進行焊接的方法。與一般焊接方法相比,激光焊具有下面的特點:


 ①. 聚焦后的(de)激光具有很(hen)高的(de)功率密度,焊接以深熔方式(shi)進行(xing);


 ②. 由于激光加熱范(fan)圍(wei)小,在同功率(lv)和焊接厚度(du)條件下(xia),焊接速度(du)高(gao);


 ③. 激光焊余應力和變形小;


 ④. 可(ke)以焊接一般焊接方法難以焊接的(de)材料,如高(gao)熔點金屬等,甚至可(ke)用于非(fei)金屬材料的(de)焊接,如陶瓷(ci)、有(you)機玻璃等;


 ⑤. 激光能(neng)反射、透射,能(neng)在(zai)空間傳播相當距離而衰減很(hen)小,可進行遠距離或一(yi)些難以接(jie)近部位的焊接(jie);


 ⑥. 與電(dian)子(zi)束焊(han)相比,激光(guang)焊(han)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)特點是不需要真空室(shi)、不產(chan)生X射(she)線。它的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)之處在于焊(han)接厚度比電(dian)子(zi)束焊(han)小,焊(han)接一些高反射(she)率的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)還比較困難,另一個問題就是設備投資比其他方法大(da)。


 根據(ju)所用激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器及其工(gong)作方式的不(bu)同(tong)(tong),激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)分(fen)為連(lian)續激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)和(he)脈(mo)沖激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)兩種。前(qian)者在焊(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一條連(lian)續焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng),后(hou)者焊(han)(han)接(jie)時形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)個(ge)圓形(xing)(xing)焊(han)(han)點。根據(ju)聚(ju)焦后(hou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)斑(ban)上(shang)的功(gong)率(lv)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)又可分(fen)為熔化焊(han)(han)和(he)小孔焊(han)(han),前(qian)者像非熔化極電弧焊(han)(han),熔深輪廊近似半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)。后(hou)者功(gong)率(lv)密度(du)較大(da),激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)斑(ban)下形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)“小孔”有(you)時貫穿(chuan)整(zheng)個(ge)板厚,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)穿(chuan)透焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)設備主(zhu)要(yao)由激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學偏轉聚(ju)焦系(xi)(xi)統(tong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束檢(jian)測器、控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)工(gong)作臺組成(cheng)(cheng)。用激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)奧氏(shi)體不(bu)銹鋼板,從(cong)薄板到中(zhong)(zhong)厚板(0.1~12mm)都可以(yi)達到性(xing)能良(liang)好,且(qie)接(jie)頭外觀成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)美觀。