2000年前后,隨著工程機械企業對材料要求的提高,鋼管生產廠家除了新建一批先進的軋管機組外,還逐步加大了熱處理線的投入,以實現材料多狀態的交付,改變了以前只有正火、退火、回火的狀態,這對高強度鋼管的研發也起到了很大的作用。目前具備鋼管調質能力的企業有:天津鋼管、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管、湖北新冶鋼、新興鑄管、鞍鋼等。其中天津鋼管擁有十條熱處理線,寶鋼、衡陽鋼管也都有多條熱處理線,規格范圍覆蓋外徑Φ48~720mm;湖北新冶鋼先后建設了四條熱處理線,規格可覆蓋外徑Φ51~533mm,是熱處理比較好的企業之一。這些生產線的建設,為我國開發更高強度級別的如Q500、Q550、Q620、Q690、Q770、Q890等低合金高強度鋼創造了條件。2018年新修訂的《結構用無縫鋼管》(GB/T 8162-2018)將上述大部分牌號納入標準,從而與國外先進標準EN10210-1、EN10297-1更加接近。至此,高強度工程機械用鋼的牌號、化學成分、力學性能要求等,基本上與國際先進標準接軌。


一(yi)、起重機臂(bei)架(jia)用無縫鋼(gang)管


  履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)于橋梁(liang)、發電設備(bei)(bei)、煉(lian)油設備(bei)(bei)、風力發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)以(yi)及(ji)海上(shang)(shang)工作平臺等項目(mu)的施(shi)工,是(shi)工程機(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)技術含量高、制造(zao)工藝(yi)復(fu)雜、具有(you)獨特性能的起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作業(ye)機(ji)(ji)械設備(bei)(bei)。自2005年徐工集團(tuan)率先研制成功我(wo)國第一臺300t級(ji)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)開(kai)始,我(wo)國履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的發展迅速向大(da)噸(dun)位(wei)攀升。在2009年和2010年,徐工集團(tuan)、中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科、三一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工和撫順挖(wa)掘機(ji)(ji)制造(zao)有(you)限公司連續推(tui)出(chu)千(qian)噸(dun)級(ji)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。2011年5月,中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科和三一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工又相(xiang)繼推(tui)出(chu)3000t級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)大(da)型履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。2013年7月,徐工4000t級(ji)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)成功啟用(yong),并(bing)將萬華煙(yan)臺工業(ye)園高度為(wei)118m、直徑為(wei)14.4m、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)1680t的丙烯塔吊(diao)裝(zhuang)就位(wei),開(kai)啟了中(zhong)國吊(diao)裝(zhuang)行業(ye)的新征程。


作為履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)起重(zhong)機重(zhong)要(yao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件的組合臂(bei)(bei)架,是承(cheng)載(zai)和(he)輸送的關鍵部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei),臂(bei)(bei)架一般是由(you)(you)長(chang)度11m左右的無縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)作為主弦(xian)臂(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)與腹臂(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)焊接組合而(er)成(cheng)。對于400t以上大型履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)起重(zhong)機的臂(bei)(bei)架,主弦(xian)管(guan)(guan)所使用(yong)的鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)外徑更(geng)大、壁厚更(geng)厚、強度更(geng)高(gao),要(yao)求鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)不僅具有更(geng)高(gao)的強度和(he)韌性,同(tong)時由(you)(you)于履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)起重(zhong)機臂(bei)(bei)架全部(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)(you)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)焊接而(er)成(cheng),因(yin)此還要(yao)求鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)具有良好(hao)的焊接性能。國(guo)內主要(yao)使用(yong)的770MPa和(he)890MPa級高(gao)強鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan),衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)、天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)、新冶(ye)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的產品已完(wan)全替代進口。天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)已成(cheng)功供貨屈服強度960MPa級別臂(bei)(bei)架管(guan)(guan)。


二、旋挖機(ji)鉆桿用(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管


  旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種適合建(jian)筑基礎工程中(zhong)成(cheng)孔作業的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工機(ji)(ji)械。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)與施(shi)工用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)之間,傳遞扭矩、軸(zhou)向壓力等載荷,沿共同軸(zhou)心、逐節(jie)(jie)(jie)伸縮的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)結構。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)由(you)三(san)到六根無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)經機(ji)(ji)加工、焊接后套(tao)(tao)裝而成(cheng)。其中(zhong),每根無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒,每節(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)通常約10m左右(you),直徑Φ159~630mm,壁厚8~45mm;每節(jie)(jie)(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓按120度(du)均布焊接厚度(du)x寬度(du)約為20mmx50mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)通長(chang)外(wai)鍵,每節(jie)(jie)(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒下端內(nei)弧面上焊接了(le)同樣厚度(du)和(he)(he)寬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)鍵(長(chang)約500~900mm)。為保證旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)常工作,要(yao)求盡量縮小相鄰鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒間的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙,同時還(huan)要(yao)保證各(ge)節(jie)(jie)(jie)套(tao)(tao)筒能夠自由(you)伸縮,這(zhe)對套(tao)(tao)筒用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)偏差(cha)及(ji)形(xing)狀(zhuang)精度(du)提出了(le)特殊要(yao)求。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)加工制造(zao),由(you)于對鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)質(zhi)量要(yao)求嚴、技(ji)術含(han)量高,過去主要(yao)依靠從國(guo)外(wai)進口,目前國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業有幾十(shi)家(jia),國(guo)產(chan)品牌鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)完全取代進口鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內(nei)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)企業和(he)(he)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)產(chan)企業積累了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗,現已(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)技(ji)術標準和(he)(he)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)批量供貨能力,攀成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)牽頭(tou)(tou)起草的(de)(de)(de)(de)《旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB/T 34109--2017)國(guo)家(jia)標準已(yi)實(shi)施(shi),衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)天(tian)津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)為北京三(san)一(yi)(yi)智造(zao)科技(ji)有限(xian)公(gong)司開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)SY550和(he)(he)SY850旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),突破了(le)目前旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)采購技(ji)術要(yao)求,將新材料應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)其第五代旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上,將旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命由(you)2000h提升到3000h以(yi)上,助推中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)產(chan)品走在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界前列。


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