靜電是(shi)指工業靜電，即在生(sheng)(sheng)產、儲運過程中在物料、裝置(zhi)、人體、器材和構筑物上產生(sheng)(sheng)和積(ji)累起(qi)來的靜電。

  兩(liang)種不同(tong)性(xing)質的(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)相互摩擦，緊密(mi)接觸或迅速剝離都(dou)會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是一(yi)個物(wu)(wu)體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶有(you)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一(yi)個物(wu)(wu)體(ti)得(de)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如果該(gai)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)與大地絕緣，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)無法泄漏，停留(liu)在(zai)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)的(de)內部(bu)或表面而呈相對靜(jing)止狀態，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)就稱靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化(hua)工(gong)物(wu)(wu)料、油品(pin)等在(zai)收(shou)發、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)中，物(wu)(wu)料分子(zi)之間(jian)(jian)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)物(wu)(wu)質之間(jian)(jian)的(de)摩擦，會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨著摩擦的(de)加劇而增大，如不及時(shi)導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增高到(dao)一(yi)定程(cheng)度時(shi)，就會在(zai)兩(liang)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)閃火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引(yin)起(qi)油品(pin)爆炸著火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高越(yue)容易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的高低或靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要與下(xia)(xia)列因素有(you)關：管(guan)(guan)道內(nei)介質(zhi)流(liu)速越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；空(kong)氣越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不容易(yi)從空(kong)氣中(zhong)消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易(yi)升高；管(guan)(guan)道內(nei)壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗(cu)糙(cao)，油(you)(you)品(pin)流(liu)經的彎頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；油(you)(you)品(pin)含水時(shi)，比(bi)不含水分產生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高幾(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)十倍(bei)；非(fei)金屬管(guan)(guan)道，如橡膠、塑(su)料(liao)等管(guan)(guan)道比(bi)金屬管(guan)(guan)道更容易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道上(shang)濾網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高。綢(chou)氈過(guo)濾網(wang)產生(sheng)(sheng)的靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高；空(kong)氣的溫度(du)較高（22～40℃），空(kong)氣的相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)在(zai)13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)條件下(xia)(xia)，輕質(zhi)燃料(liao)油(you)(you)比(bi)潤滑油(you)(you)易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)的(de)危(wei)害有(you)三(san)種：一(yi)是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)引起爆(bao)炸(zha)和(he)火災，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)量雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)大，但因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)壓很(hen)高(gao)且易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)出(chu)現(xian)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)火花(hua)；二是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)致(zhi)人死亡，但是往往會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)二次事故，因(yin)此(ci)也要加以防范；三(san)是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)影響(xiang)生(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)有(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)儀器設備的(de)正(zheng)常運行(xing)或降(jiang)低產(chan)品(pin)的(de)質(zhi)量。此(ci)外，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)還會(hui)(hui)引起電(dian)(dian)子(zi)自(zi)動元(yuan)件的(de)誤(wu)操作。