現(xian)代的(de)立式穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機上一般都配備(bei)完成以下(xia)動作的(de)輔助機械：（1)在加熱好坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)的(de)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)表面(mian)上涂敷玻(bo)璃(li)潤滑(hua)(hua)劑；（2)將內(nei)(nei)外(wai)表面(mian)經潤滑(hua)(hua)的(de)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)從潤滑(hua)(hua)臺(tai)送(song)(song)至(zhi)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)上方的(de)位(wei)置；（3)將坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)及剪(jian)切(qie)環(huan)送(song)(song)入穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)并封閉穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)下(xia)方；（4)將玻(bo)璃(li)潤滑(hua)(hua)劑施加到(dao)(dao)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)中坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)的(de)上端面(mian)和(he)中心孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)(nei)；（5)冷卻鐓(dui)粗(cu)桿、鐓(dui)粗(cu)頭；（6)清(qing)(qing)理(li)、更(geng)換穿(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭；（7)從穿(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)中頂出(chu)空心坯(pi)(pi)(pi)和(he)剪(jian)切(qie)環(huan)；（8)冷卻、清(qing)(qing)理(li)、更(geng)換剪(jian)切(qie)環(huan)；（9)冷卻、清(qing)(qing)理(li)穿(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)襯；（10)接(jie)受(shou)空心坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)，并將其傳送(song)(song)到(dao)(dao)輸(shu)出(chu)輥(gun)道上。
以上(shang)列(lie)舉的機械和(he)裝置(zhi)(zhi)按照自(zi)動化程序依次工(gong)(gong)作，其結構和(he)布置(zhi)(zhi)取決(jue)（擴）孔坯(pi)料的質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)尺(chi)寸、穿孔機的結構形(xing)式(shi)、穿孔筒的工(gong)(gong)位設置(zhi)(zhi)及其工(gong)(gong)位數量(liang)。
德國制造的10MN（1000t)立式穿(chuan)孔機的有關參數如(ru)下：
穿孔余料應(ying)留的高度由可能得到的穿孔力的大小(xiao)而定(ding)。
在穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高(gao)度等于穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)一(yi)半(ban)(ban)以前，穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)過程為等穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)進行。當確定了穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)在使用(yong)最大穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭時的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)而不考慮其增長，則在使用(yong)最大穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭時的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高(gao)度為穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直(zhi)徑(jing)之半(ban)(ban)。
實際上，穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)余料高度的確定尚須考慮(lv)到(dao)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭邊角半徑的大(da)小，以及其(qi)材料流動(dong)錐體的影響。
4. 穿孔余料(liao)的剪切力與(yu)支承缸的封(feng)底推力
按(an)照剪應(ying)力理論(lun)：σ1-σ3 = 2Tmax,則(ze)穿孔(kong)余料剪切力為： Tmax=(σ1-σ3)/2 τ=0.5Kf
所采用的Kf相當于無損失鐓壓過程時的數值，但鋼坯下部和穿孔筒底部接觸，約有50~80℃的溫度損失，對于不同的材料在不同溫度下的Kf值見表8-26。
5. 支承缸的封底推(tui)力(li)
穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)封(feng)底(di)荷載，即單位壓力(li)，相當于(yu)分布在底(di)部(bu)面積(ji)上的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力(li)，封(feng)底(di)支承桿(gan)的(de)直(zhi)徑和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)直(zhi)徑相等(deng)。封(feng)底(di)支承桿(gan)的(de)面積(ji)（或穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)的(de)面積(ji)），占穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)面積(ji)的(de)比值見表8-27.
可(ke)見，當穿(chuan)(chuan)孔余(yu)料的(de)高度不(bu)低于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔頭直徑之(zhi)半時，封底推力(li)(li)能達(da)到穿(chuan)(chuan)孔力(li)(li)的(de)50%就(jiu)足夠了(le)。為了(le)充分利用穿(chuan)(chuan)孔力(li)(li)，并(bing)盡(jin)量減(jian)小穿(chuan)(chuan)孔余(yu)料的(de)厚度，則作用于封底支承桿上的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔力(li)(li)的(de)分量要增加，最(zui)大(da)可(ke)以增加到等于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔力(li)(li)。
6. 31.5MN（3150t)擠壓(ya)車間10MN(1000t)立(li)式穿孔(kong)機設(she)備性能：
