連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹(xiu)鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷史悠久，早(zao)在(zai)(zai)19世(shi)紀末就曾(ceng)嘗試(shi)在(zai)(zai)長(chang)芯(xin)棒上進(jin)行軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)，但由于種種原因，至1950年(nian)世(shi)界上也(ye)僅有6臺連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后(hou)，隨著科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步和(he)(he)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，特別是電(dian)子計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)應用，使(shi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產工(gong)藝和(he)(he)設備(bei)(bei)上日趨完善，得到(dao)了(le)迅速的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)推廣。在(zai)(zai)浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，限動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)中期進(jin)行了(le)工(gong)藝試(shi)驗(yan)，獲(huo)得了(le)可喜的(de)(de)(de)成果。1978年(nian)世(shi)界上第一套限動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（MPM)在(zai)(zai)意大(da)利(li)達爾明(ming)鋼管(guan)(guan)廠建(jian)成投(tou)產，連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)了(le)一個新的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)準(zhun)。20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代(dai)末又推出了(le)三輥(gun)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（PQF)技(ji)術，使(shi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝裝備(bei)(bei)躍上了(le)更高的(de)(de)(de)臺階。
連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)在PQF出現以前，都是兩(liang)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由兩(liang)個軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔(kong)型，二輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架(jia)既有(you)與(yu)(yu)地面(mian)呈45°交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)與(yu)(yu)地面(mian)垂直、水(shui)平交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。PQF為三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由三(san)個軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔(kong)型，如圖(tu)4-2所示(shi)。連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)時，孔(kong)型頂部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)由于受(shou)到軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)外壓(ya)力和(he)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)內壓(ya)力作(zuo)(zuo)用而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸，并(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)(xiang)寬展(zhan)，而(er)孔(kong)型側壁部(bu)(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)不(bu)接觸，但它被頂部(bu)(bu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)對(dui)它附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉應力作(zuo)(zuo)用而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸，并(bing)同時產(chan)生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)拉縮。不(bu)論(lun)兩(liang)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)是三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)，按芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行方式可分(fen)為浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)、半浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)和(he)限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)三(san)種形式。
為了完成將連(lian)續軋(ya)管機軋(ya)出(chu)的(de)荒(huang)管與芯棒(bang)脫開分離(li)的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便于(yu)荒(huang)管在后(hou)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)進一步(bu)加工(gong)成品不(bu)銹鋼管，一般采用以下兩種方法。
1. 脫棒機
軋制結束后(hou)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起移出(chu)軋制線，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)受軸(zhou)向約束不動，用(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)。我們將這種荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)不動，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)(de)(de)設備稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)就鉤住芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而液壓開閉的(de)(de)(de)卡(ka)(ka)板擋住荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉過(guo)半圈完成一次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作，鏈所走過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)距離(li)約為芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)(de)(de)最大速度大于4.5m/s,到(dao)達終(zhong)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)誤差為±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送輥(gun)道送到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升(sheng)降(jiang)擋板前(qian)，然后(hou)由(you)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷(leng)卻槽，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)連續軋管(guan)(guan)機平(ping)行(xing)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有(you)兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)橫梁(liang)連接起來(lai)，兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有(you)兩個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)及多個承載橫梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)用(yong)來(lai)從(cong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載橫梁(liang)用(yong)來(lai)在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過(guo)程中(zhong)支(zhi)撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)上用(yong)螺(luo)栓(shuan)緊固與(yu)軋件尺寸相關的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，當(dang)更(geng)換軋制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更(geng)換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。
2. 脫管機
軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止(zhi)運動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在線被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將其從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，我們將這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)(bu)動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)(you)兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)(you)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)個重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，完成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮(suo)短了工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程，提高了終(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)，也(ye)就(jiu)是說在每一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有(you)(you)延伸和(he)(he)定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)。在早期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)限動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)就(jiu)嘗試過不(bu)(bu)單獨設(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本NKK京濱廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)和(he)(he)1990年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯(si)伏爾加鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)），而是將MPM軋(ya)(ya)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直接送人緊隨(sui)其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥(gun)(gun)式脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)日(ri)本住友和(he)(he)歌(ge)山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)則是送入其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在一個工(gong)序內完成(cheng)；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)并完成(cheng)定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現MPM與定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)軋(ya)(ya)。但由于(yu)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)(he)材(cai)質種(zhong)類較多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)(dai)來困難(nan)，很(hen)難(nan)保證鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)沒有(you)(you)再使用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)布置(zhi)。為(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)中(zhong)厚(hou)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)型名義直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于(yu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在生(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要(yao)相應加大，否則薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)易被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都裝有(you)(you)安全(quan)白，以防止(zhi)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)損傷軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分(fen)。在事故情況下，假如當帶(dai)(dai)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)型時(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載(zai)荷大于(yu)預設(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)孔(kong)(kong)型會相應張開(kai)，防止(zhi)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂(ding)壞軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及設(she)備。
3. 空減(jian)機(ji)的配置
空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)(ji)是空(kong)心坯減徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)簡稱(cheng)，一(yi)套連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為使(shi)其產品外徑(jing)(jing)規(gui)格范圍(wei)盡可能地(di)大，設計時一(yi)般選(xuan)用(yong)2~5個孔(kong)型，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)張減機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)選(xuan)擇孔(kong)型數較(jiao)少(shao)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)選(xuan)擇孔(kong)型數較(jiao)多。由(you)于孔(kong)型尺寸(cun)的(de)變化(hua)相應(ying)地(di)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口(kou)的(de)毛管(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)也要(yao)隨著發生變化(hua)，為適應(ying)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口(kou)毛管(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)變化(hua)，通常(chang)有(you)兩種方法(fa)：
a. 選用(yong)幾種外徑的管(guan)坯(pi)，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同的孔(kong)型選用(yong)不(bu)同規格的管(guan)坯(pi)，但每(mei)次更(geng)換孔(kong)型時需(xu)對(dui)(dui)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)的受料(liao)槽、導(dao)衛裝置(zhi)（導(dao)板或(huo)導(dao)盤）進行更(geng)換，這樣做一(yi)方(fang)面占用(yong)較多工作時間；另一(yi)方(fang)面管(guan)坯(pi)料(liao)場(chang)、穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)工具需(xu)要場(chang)地較大(da)；
b. 在穿孔機(ji)與(yu)軋管機(ji)之(zhi)間布置一臺空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)，通過空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)可(ke)使用同(tong)一種外徑(jing)尺寸的管坯來(lai)滿足軋管機(ji)不同(tong)孔型成為(wei)可(ke)能。
浮動芯棒連續(xu)軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組采用穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布置空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方法比較(jiao)經濟，這樣既可(ke)(ke)僅用一(yi)個(ge)規格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)管坯組織生產(chan)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)了(le)(le)管坯庫的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積和穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制工具數量，又(you)可(ke)(ke)以減(jian)(jian)少(shao)換孔(kong)(kong)型的(de)(de)(de)時間，提高了(le)(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)作業(ye)率。經空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)管在運往連續(xu)軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入口臺架前，先通過一(yi)個(ge)吹(chui)(chui)灰(hui)裝(zhuang)置用壓縮空氣(qi)吹(chui)(chui)去(qu)毛(mao)管內的(de)(de)(de)細小氧化(hua)鐵皮，以減(jian)(jian)少(shao)對(dui)芯棒的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損和管子內表面(mian)缺陷(xian)，同時空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了(le)(le)狄塞爾穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)管頭尾外徑差，使(shi)軋(ya)制過程穩定。這種單獨布置的(de)(de)(de)空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使(shi)用三輥(gun)式及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架。
半浮動芯(xin)棒連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組將(jiang)空減機(ji)(ji)布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)人(ren)口(kou)側，即(ji)與連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)串(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)般為兩輥式、2~4架；在(zai)(zai)保持(chi)了原有(you)空減機(ji)(ji)優點的(de)同時，可縮短工藝流程(cheng)，減少(shao)(shao)占(zhan)地面積。這種(zhong)變(bian)化(hua)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面是(shi)因為錐形(xing)輥穿孔機(ji)(ji)的(de)應(ying)用使變(bian)形(xing)前(qian)移，軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)架數相(xiang)應(ying)減少(shao)(shao)（減少(shao)(shao)2~3架），串(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)因芯(xin)棒的(de)長度增(zeng)加而引起的(de)軋(ya)制節奏變(bian)化(hua)不(bu)是(shi)很多(duo)（因軋(ya)制終了芯(xin)棒向前(qian)運動）；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面串(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)可減少(shao)(shao)毛管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)縱向移動過程(cheng)中內(nei)表面的(de)氧化(hua)和溫降，能更有(you)效地確保鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)質量。
限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)在(zai)最(zui)初(chu)時沒有(you)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管坯對(dui)應一(yi)個孔型，這主要是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)軋(ya)制(zhi)時芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)件(jian)內表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)比浮動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作條件(jian)更(geng)為(wei)惡劣(lie)，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易(yi)磨損(sun)和劃傷。限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工藝(yi)上不(bu)(bu)允許毛(mao)管在(zai)進入(ru)軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)前做縱向(xiang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管內表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化，才能(neng)(neng)確(que)保(bao)鋼管的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，因此不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)(neng)像浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布置(zhi)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。如采用(yong)(yong)半浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布置(zhi)，因芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)使(shi)軋(ya)制(zhi)節奏更(geng)加(jia)緩(huan)慢（因軋(ya)制(zhi)終了芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)向(xiang)后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)），將影響(xiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。近十年來(lai)，限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)也(ye)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)吸(xi)收其他(ta)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口側串列布置(zhi)1架空(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（三輥(gun)、四輥(gun)形式均(jun)有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)管內表面(mian)(mian)與芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛(mao)管外徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)頭尾直徑偏差，使(shi)軋(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)加(jia)平穩，從(cong)而提高軋(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，確(que)保(bao)鋼管的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺寸精度和內外表面(mian)(mian)質量(liang)。
4. 吹硼砂的工藝
限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連續(xu)軋管(guan)機組(zu)比浮動(dong)(dong)、半浮動(dong)(dong)機組(zu)多了一個工(gong)序就(jiu)是在軋管(guan)機入口前向毛管(guan)內用(yong)氮氣噴抗(kang)(kang)氧化劑，工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)是去除內表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)氧化鐵皮并防(fang)止二次氧化。抗(kang)(kang)氧化劑在高溫時(shi)呈熔(rong)融狀態可起(qi)到(dao)很好的(de)(de)(de)潤滑作(zuo)用(yong)，對抗(kang)(kang)氧化劑的(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)、顆粒尺寸、化學穩定(ding)(ding)性、物理(li)穩定(ding)(ding)性及吹(chui)撒的(de)(de)(de)數量、噴吹(chui)的(de)(de)(de)壓力、時(shi)間(jian)都有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)要求，主(zhu)要是解決軋管(guan)機的(de)(de)(de)延伸大、軋制時(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)與(yu)軋件(jian)(jian)間(jian)相(xiang)對運動(dong)(dong)較大、芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條件(jian)(jian)更為(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)更容易磨損和劃傷、潤滑條件(jian)(jian)不好時(shi)容易發生軋卡事(shi)故或軋制終了時(shi)脫管(guan)機不能(neng)將荒管(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)中順利的(de)(de)(de)抽出(chu)等(deng)問題。
