顧名思義，封頭就是容器的兩端的端蓋。所以，封頭一般都是用于與各種筒體的配對后，組成壓力容器。


 封(feng)頭是常壓(ya)及承(cheng)壓(ya)容器(qi)中(zhong)不(bu)可或缺的零部件，廣(guang)泛用(yong)于(yu)石油、電子、供暖、化工、醫藥、污水(shui)處理、輕紡、食(shi)品、機械(xie)、建筑(zhu)、核電、航(hang)空航(hang)天、壓(ya)力容器(qi)、軍工等(deng)行業。


封(feng)頭是壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)器的(de)(de)重要(yao)受壓(ya)(ya)元(yuan)件之一(yi)，它(ta)不(bu)但直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)容(rong)器的(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)質量和成本，而(er)且(qie)還影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)產裝置的(de)(de)安全和長期運行(xing)。常用的(de)(de)裝置有反應壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)器，熱交換壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)器，分離壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)器，儲存壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)器等等。


 封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的種(zhong)類繁多(duo)，按(an)用(yong)途(tu)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)承(cheng)壓封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)和常(chang)壓封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，按(an)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)橢圓封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、蝶(die)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、球(qiu)冠形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、弓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、平底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)等。


 圖4-29是材質為06Cr19Ni10各種規格的標準橢圓形封頭。


圖 29.jpg


 對于(yu)非對稱形(xing)狀的(de)(de)工(gong)件，橢圓型(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)和各種型(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)罩子，可使(shi)用熱沖(chong)壓法進行加(jia)工(gong)成型(xing)(xing)。當然，熱沖(chong)壓也適(shi)用于(yu)所有對稱形(xing)狀的(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)成型(xing)(xing)。目(mu)前，使(shi)用的(de)(de)大型(xing)(xing)沖(chong)壓成型(xing)(xing)設備的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)尺(chi)寸范圍(wei)都較大，能加(jia)工(gong)成型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)外徑(jing)達29.261m、厚達12.7mm的(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)。對某些尺(chi)寸和形(xing)狀，壁(bi)厚76.2mm的(de)(de)工(gong)件也可沖(chong)壓成型(xing)(xing)。


封(feng)頭成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)常用的(de)方法有沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)、旋壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和爆炸成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)。封(feng)頭沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工藝流程：材料(liao)檢驗(yan)→劃(hua)線→切割(ge)下料(liao)→(厚度(du)≥6mm的(de)坡口加工）→組裝(zhuang)對焊(han)（焊(han)縫修(xiu)磨(mo)）→加熱→沖(chong)(chong)壓→余(yu)量切割(ge)→檢查驗(yan)收。